Key Properties of 1-Chlorobutane Explained Simply

1-Chlorobutane, a colorless liquid with a distinct chemical structure, plays a vital role in organic chemistry and various industrial applications. Understanding its key properties is crucial for students, chemists, and industries. In this article, we will break down the essential characteristics of 1-Chlorobutane in a straightforward manner.

General Properties of 1-Chlorobutane

1-Chlorobutane, also known as n-chlorobutane, has the molecular formula C₄H₉Cl. Its molecular weight is approximately 92.57 g/mol. The compound is classified as an alkyl halide, specifically a primary haloalkane.

Physical Appearance

In its pure form, 1-Chlorobutane appears as a clear, colorless liquid. It has a boiling point of approximately 78.4 °C (173.1 °F) and a melting point of about -120 °C (-184 °F). This range makes it suitable for various temperature-controlled environments.

Density and Solubility

The density of 1-Chlorobutane is around 0.87 g/cm³ at 20 °C (68 °F). It is slightly soluble in water (0.3 g/L at 20 °C) but miscible with organic solvents like alcohols and ethers, making it useful in diverse chemical applications.

Chemical Properties

1-Chlorobutane exhibits several important chemical properties. It undergoes various types of reactions characteristic of alkyl halides, including nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions.

Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions

In SN2 reactions, 1-Chlorobutane acts as a substrate due to its primary carbon structure, which allows for easy attack by nucleophiles. For instance, when reacting with hydroxide ions, 1-Chlorobutane can produce 1-butanol. According to research published in the Journal of Organic Chemistry, the reaction rate in such cases is significantly higher than secondary or tertiary haloalkanes.

Stability and Reactivity

1-Chlorobutane is relatively stable compared to more reactive haloalkanes. It does, however, engage in dehydrohalogenation under the right conditions, leading to the formation of alkenes. This process is vital in synthetic organic chemistry, facilitating the production of useful compounds.

Toxicology and Safety Considerations

While 1-Chlorobutane has practical uses, it is essential to consider its safety and toxicological aspects. The material safety data sheet (MSDS) indicates that 1-Chlorobutane is irritant to skin and eyes and may cause respiratory tract irritation.

Environmental Impact

1-Chlorobutane is classified as a substance that can contribute to ozone depletion. Studies from the Environmental Protection Agency emphasize the need for proper handling and disposal procedures to minimize environmental impact.

Applications of 1-Chlorobutane

This chemical compound has numerous applications ranging from organic synthesis to serving as a solvent in laboratories. Its low boiling point makes it an ideal solvent for different chemical reactions and extractions.

Uses in Industry

In the chemical industry, 1-Chlorobutane is frequently used to produce various types of specialty chemicals. The compound is essential in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other industrially relevant products. According to industry reports, its use as a reagent in organic synthesis has increased steadily over the past decade.

Research and Development

Current research on 1-Chlorobutane focuses on its potential applications in greener synthesis routes. Studies in the latest editions of journals such as Green Chemistry explore its use as a less harmful alternative to other halogenated hydrocarbons.

Conclusion

1-Chlorobutane is a versatile compound with various industrial and academic applications. Understanding its key properties, from physical characteristics to chemical reactivity, is crucial for safe and effective usage. As research continues to explore its potential, this compound remains a foundational element in both organic chemistry and industrial processes.

Want more information on 1-Chlorobutane Property, 112-26-5, 1663-39-4? Feel free to contact us.